Ovarian cysts are a very common condition, being the second leading cause of gynecologic consultation. Assistant Professor Dr. Anca Simionescu, MD Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Philanthropy, says that every woman has once in a life time at least  one ovarian cyst, but it can be  discovered or not. Ovarian cysts occur very frequently to young women, sexually active. The formations are mostly benign (not cancerous), which disappear by itself. And cysts may occur at menopause and only 5% -6% of these cases are malignant (cancerous).

Typology
Not any visible bands on ultrasounds teste means that it may be a cyst   Ovary is a mass of follicles, some of them may be confused with cysts. Dr. Anca Simionescu defined that an ovarian cyst is a formation more than 3 inches from the ovary. There are several types of ovarian cysts. The most common are functional cysts that may be treated spontaneously without hormonal treatment. They result from a hormone that regulates the hiperfunctionare ovary.



There are organic cysts (dermoid - contains tissue similar to skin, endometriosis - uterine lining proliferation), they do not disappear spontaneously, but require treatment. Usually, functional cysts are discovered incidentally, during a routine exam. Sometimes cysts are manifested by certain symptoms: sensation of abdominal weight, pain during intercourse, low bleeding, delayed menstruation.

Ovarian tumors
The big problem is represented by the pathology of ovarian tumors. For ovarian cancer there is no specific screening tests as it happens in breast cancer and cervical cancer. Contrary to what the patients believe, ecografy is not certain in diagnosing ovarian cancer.Ovarian cancer ranks fourth in terms of gynecological cancers and occurs most often after menopause. Symptoms are commonplace, often digestive nature. The patient usually complains of abdominal discomfort, bloating, gas, fatigue, lack of appetite. "Ovarian cancer can occur as a csolid cyst on ultrasound but  it contains vegetation or cloazoane with ascites or peritoneal conglomerates", explains Assistant Professor Doctor Anca Simionescu.



There are borderline tumors between benign and malignant. The difference between malignant and benign tumors is  seen by a clinical exam, ultrasound criteria for malignancy and benign serological tumor markers for highlighting. Most ovarian cancers which secrete substances called tumor markers, present in blood, may attest cancer cells pelvic disseminated  or distant.

Complications
Patients with ovarian cysts are at risk of suffering complications. It is about the  torsion (twisting) of the cyst, and that is a medical emergency. Cyst twisting can lead to fallopian tube twisting, which is necrosis, in which the patient loses his trunk. Twisting is manifested by pain heinous, brutal sole discretion, usually descending on foot. In these conditions, the patient must present to the hospital.

" If it occurs in the first six hours after the first set of crisis, an intervention must be made be removing the cyst  . If lasts more than six hours  and the trunk is of torsioned and necrosised , unfortunately, the patient loses its annex ",brings up the atention the gynecologist, Anca Simionescu. Another complication is intrachistical bleeding or rupture of a cyst with signs of ascites,  easy to be confused with ectopic pregnancy. In this situation is required emergency surgery.  Syndrome. Sometimes, the ovaries forme several small cysts, a condition known as polycystic ovary syndrome.

Most times it is a chronic illness that is characterized by menstrual irregularities, excessive hair growth, weight gain.In this case of polycystic ovary syndrome, doctors prescribe hormone therapy to restore menstrual cycles. Use either progesterone or birth control pills that contain  progesterone and estrogen. In some cases, are prescribed medications to increase fertility for women with polycystic ovaries that may induce ovulation.